健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

Decay Detection of Ancient Wood Rafters in Tibet by Stress Wave Testing Method

Visual classification and stress wave non-destructive testing technology were adopted to evaluate the decay status of ancient Populus wood members （rafters） replaced from the Potala Palace. The decay status of wood members was evaluated by stress wave testing and visual observation. For most of the ancient wood members, the evaluation results by two methods were consistent with each other. Also stress wave testing techniques can find the internal wood member decay to eliminate the hidden hazard for ancient wood members, and offer relatively accurate quantitative information for the safety status of ancient wood members. Thus during the maintaining for ancient architectures, visual observation combined with stress wave testing techniques is a good way to evaluate the degradation of ancient wood members.     

元谋干热河谷人工林的土壤养分效应及其评价

研究了元谋干热河谷地区人工林对土壤养分的效应,并选择了土壤有机质、全N、速效N、速效P、速效K作为人工林重建对土壤养分效应的指标,运用灰色关联度进行综合评价.结果表明:(1)12年生的桉树、苏门答腊金合欢、新银合欢类人工林土壤表层有机质、全N量其增幅高于10年生、6年生的人工林;除念珠相思林以外,人工林表层土壤有机质含量均高于所在试验点的对照地.混交林对增加土壤表层有机质含量的作用非常明显,其改良能力优于纯林;人工林土壤表层全N含量均低于1.0 g·kg-1;(2)速效N的变化规律与全N含量基本一致,速效P含量波动较大,土壤速效K含量比较丰富,pH值的范围在4.44～6.42之间;(3)灰色关联度分析的结果为赤桉 苏门答腊金合欢混交林对土壤养分的影响相对较大,其关联系数为0.651,影响最小的为念珠相思纯林,关联度系数为0.343.     

太平湖水库防浪墙裂缝成因及防治措施探讨

本文分析了太平湖水库防浪墙上的裂缝成因，如混凝土干缩、防浪墙基础对墙身的约束作用等，并提出了避免防浪墙开裂的工程措施。     

Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with bark beetles onAbies veitchii in wave-regenerated forests

Relationships between tree mortality and bark beetle infestation onAbies veitchii at the wave-regenerated forest in Mt. Asahi, Okuchichibu area were investigated. Most of the firs with green needles and newly developed current year’s shoots in the dieback zone were heavily infested by bark beetles before the death of the trees. After heavy infestation of beetles, about half of the infested firs died within the year, and the other half died in the next year. When the species composition of bark beetles and associated ophiostomatoid fungi were investigated in Mt. Asahi and also at a typical wave-regenerated forest in Mt. Shimagare, Yatsugatake area,Cryphalus montanus andC. piceae were dominant beetle species for Mt. Asahi and Mt. Shimagare, respectively.Ophiostoma subalpinum andO. europhioides were dominant fungal species at both wave-generated forests. BecauseO. subalpinum was detected more frequently from deeper areas of sapwood thanO. europhioides, it was suggested that the fungal species may accelerate the death of stressed firs in wave-regenerated forests. Contribution No. 169, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.     

VEGETATION植被指数数据预处理方法

VEGETATION数据的植被指数,受云雾影响,含有大量的噪声信号,使用之前必须进行去噪声处理.结合实例数据介绍了半中值滤波法、半均值滤波法、等间隔极大值法用于植被指数的去噪声处理,效果良好;该处理方法同样适用于NOAA和MODIS等数据的植被指数预处理.     

橄榄多酚的提取研究

利用溶剂浸提法、超声波辅助提取法和微波辅助提取法对橄榄中的多酚物质进行提取研究,并比较了3种方法的提取效果。结果表明:以1g橄榄果肉粉为原料,60%~70%丙酮水溶液是提取橄榄多酚的最适溶剂,最佳提取时间1h,温度20~30℃,固液比1∶20(g∶mL);超声波提取的最适功率为80W,最佳提取时间25min;微波提取的最适功率为280W,提取时间5s。3种提取方法的多酚提取得率分别为17.1%、19.3%和20.3%,与溶剂浸提法相比,超声波法和微波法提取时间短、效率高,提取效果明显优于前者,并且三者提取物的UV和HPLC检测图谱完全一致。     

阻燃剂浸渍处理木材方法研究

本研究以ZR-M-301型木材阻燃剂为浸渍药液,樟子松和水曲柳为木材试样,选择常压浸渍、压力浸渍、微波处理后常压浸渍、超声波加压浸渍和微波处理后超声波加压浸渍五种木材阻燃处理方法,经过试验,探索在生产阻燃木材的浸渍方法中引入微波和超声波技术的可行性,找到效果好的木材阻燃处理方法.本研究的创新点是将微波处理与超声波辐射技术应用于木材阻燃处理中,利用微波加热处理改善木材构造的渗透性能,利用超声波的空化作用强化阻燃剂浸入性能,并提出了新的技术路线.     

超声波法提取木材中的阿拉伯半乳聚糖的研究

应用超声波技术浸提兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr．)木材加工剩余物中的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。研究了影响阿拉伯半乳聚糖得率的提取条件,包括超声波功率、料液比、原料粒度和浸提时间。将超声波提取与传统提取和微波提取进行比较,并利用红外光谱和紫外吸收光谱分析浸提物。超声波法提取的粗产品在280nm处的紫外吸光度最小;产品质量最接近标准品。在单因素试验中超声波提取的粗阿拉伯半乳聚糖最高提取率为16．61％,比传统浸提法高。